Lubricating oil composition



;Patent d I mala se; lllareellus flt t nsils.-

pmfcomosmon In'glewood, Calm, as-

slgnor to Union Oil Company oi calitornia Los,

a corporation oi California v T I No I Application March 14, 1942,

- semino'. 434,632

tems a. 252-49,;

. This invention .r'elate'stofthe med um 61!: H lubricating oil composition; More specifically j this invention relates to lowqvis'cosityi lubricants y which are useful for lowtemperatureoperations',

, such as those encounteredin hydraulic systems. I have discovered that lubricating. oils can'be prepared 'irom hydrocarbon. iractions which normally possessno inherent lubricating oil quail.

tlesbyvthe oicertain additive agents. ,The' oil produced according to v the teachings :herein is especially suitable for use ln'hydi'aulic systems where extremely low temperatures are often en-- countered whichji'n'ay range lowas '..5 F.-or l lower. The particular stock which I employ is obtained by reacting an isoparaflln with'an olefin in the presence of a catalyst such as concentrated sulphuricacid," sultonic acidor hydrofluoric acid. A specific example of preparing the hydrocarbon stock whichjl employ follows; a I

v to a vessel equipped with an agitating 'device there is introduced iive parts ot a lowboiling isoparamn such asisobutane. Into-the same vessel there is also-introduced or conl-ESQ. ow: boil-11 centrated sulphuric acid: or, about" j 98% the-sulphur acid mater at-atemperature t.

ut s; thematic-v11 add one-panties:

. :new" dw i rmenmnr tInstan and pentene's. "thoroughly, i agitatingthe for Y e io o .fli e hours the lowed to 'settle-;andthe r "decanted "away liro'mfthej use me;- hydrocarbon phaseli's placed njss iisacanicr the dip iportion of materials.

Fire

Viscosity,S.U. seconds: p I i v 130' rs 3 Viscosity index. 0 Viscosity gravity constant- 0.800

. '20 in my new compositionoi matter is prepared as mixtureoisulphuriciacid, oleilnsi 40 feriallyinfluenced This product 1501115 meantto be illustrative sin'ce'I' may also employ productsoi this type sot the 'dis'tillation bottomswhich I may employ having'a'viscosit'y range (Saybolt Universal at I 100 F.) between 32 and 75 seconds.

The viscosity gravity constant of on been discussedzby. Hill and Coats in the Industrial Engineering Chemistry, vol. 20, June, 1928,

{Pages 641-644.- The chart usedin determining the relationship is described in the Analytical Edition of the Journal'oi Industrial Engineering Chemistry. page 144, April 15, 1931. Viscosity temperature constants, have,

"l'i'iedistillation bottoms have afclear light yellow color, mild odor, a verylow pour point 1929, pages 618-619. a

and a very low viscosity gravity constant, These bottoms also possess a relatively low viscosity in'dex ,Furthermore, this material has 'been 'iound'to' 'l'iave very little swelling eflect upon 'l'his'l product possesses, substantially no lubri-' l jcatin'g qualities. a U

T0 the distillation bottoms obtained trom'the alkylation' reaction, described above, 'I add a aci'd, such asthe oil soluble acids produced by oxidizin P troleum fractions such as'ggw oil or' the priorart as-for example the method set organic acids. v

val llable are ollc acid and lauric acid;

zthat naphthenic acidsliaving'a molecular weight 45.

for thefalkylated hydrocarbon used 1 8mm, j-droca'rbonin-an amount ranging from .0195 to 0i1%"(a*product is obtained-which has superior naphthenic acids are obtained from most Paciilc V during the'treatment of kerosene. gas oil and quantities of naphthenic acids in the form or sodium soaps. By adding a strong mineral acid 00 to these waste liquors these acids are liberated a so Qbeendis'cussled by Dean and Davis in Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, vol. 36, October; v

manyty'pes of synthetic rubbers now employed.

. small quantity (.01% to 0.1%) 01 anorganic lubricating 'oil by any bi." the methods described forth mu; 3 "Patent No; 1,890,76,8; .Furtheris 'fmore,fl may addjcil soluble fatty acids or naph-i thenic acids in the amounts specified above for the'sacids' Produced by oiddizlnt'ipetroieum. 'I'hesefacids are all *oilfsoluble' monocarboxylic'" e"fatty-'aoids was I Naphthenic acids areespecially suitable ior use with the. alkylated hydrocarbon-stliick ior the ;production o t my newioil; li urtli'ermore, I find withinthe range-oi 300 400 and-Tau acid number in the order or m 150 and specifically around are especially suitable asadditives as-the base f stock-gfor new oilrbwhen thesei'oregoing cz aclds' are added to the alkylated hylubricating qualities tor certain purposes. These v Coastcrude oil. Caustici'wasteliquors obtained. lubricating oil'with causticsoda contain varying r and rise to'thetop oi the waste causticv liquor.

f lclalmz' These liberated naphthenic acids are separated irom the waste caustic liquor by ordina y decantation. The naphthenicacids are placed in a still and subjected to tractionati'on. During this iractionation the naphthenic acids which I prei'erto employ are recovered as a distillation bot- "tomsfraction. This bottom traction has an acid number or around 140 to 150 and preferably 1 around 145.-

This oil maybe further improved for low tem- "perature operation by the addition of certain 4. A lubricating oil'comprising an isoc hydrocarbon fraction obtained by reacting an olefin with an isoparaflin in the presence of alkylation catalyst and having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. between about 32 and 75 seconds; and possessing substantially. no lubricity tion oicrude naphthenic acids,"said bottoms having anacid number between 140 and 150.

5. A'lubricating oil comprising an isoparamnic hydrocarboniraction obtained by reacting an polymersnow sold on the market which are pro- 7 duced by polymerizing low boiling oleiins, particularly isobutylene in the presence of catalysts.

such as aluminum chloride or boron trifluoride. I'l'hese polymers have molecular weights in the were: from 10,000to 100,000 and even higher and are described in the Industrial Engineering 1 Chemistry, 32 (1940),page 299; by Thomas and others. 7 The amount or thispolymer which I add ranges between 2% and 5%.

An example of an oil producedaccording to 1' 5 my invention has the following composition:

scope of the following claims.

j olefin with an isoparamn in the presence of alkyl- 1] .ation catalyst and having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. between about 32 and 75 secbuds, and possessing substantially no. lubricity blended with an amount of an oil soluble monocarboxyllc organic acid sumcient to impart lubricity to said isoparafllnic hydrocarbon fraction.

olefin with an isoparamn in the presence or alhlation catalyst and having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. between about 32 and 75 seconds, and possessing substantially no lubricity blended with between about 0.01% and 0.1%

by weight of naphthenic acids having an acid 1 g a Per cent by weight .Alblation distillation bottoms 98.85 v Naphthenic acids 0.05 Polymer r 1.80

'.'lotal.. "100.00" 1 "lhe above oil will then have the iollowin j characteristics:

Gravity, API etsor' 11.7 Flash. 0. 0.0. 210 Fire. F 225 Pour, F.. flowsat;.'..l.,. l5" Viscosity, Saybolt Univ rsal: e 100 1''. secs 62.5 7 130 F. secs... 5-- 3.9 Viscosity index (est ated) 155 "Viscosity gravity constant 0.785 I The above'd'escription of my invention is not to bezunderstood as limitlng but only as illustrative 1 .oijthe invention, as many ,variations may be 1 made within the 2. i A lubricating 011 comprising an isoparaflinic V hydrocarbon traction obtained by reacting an olefin with an isoparaflln in the presence of alkylatlon catalyst and having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100. F. between about-32 and 1 seconds; and 'possessingsubstantially no lubricity blendedwith .0l% to 0.1% of high boiling naphthenic acids. 7

3. A lubricating oil comprising anisonaratfinic hydrocarbon fractionobtained by reacting an olefin 'with' an isoparailln in the presence of -l-alkylation catalyst and having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at .F. between about 321and" 75 seconds; and possessing substantially no lubricityblended with..0l% to 0.1% or naphthenic having acid number between and C ao;

number/between 140 and and with a small quantity not exceeding about 5% of a P lymer or low'boiling olenn's, said polymer having a molecular weight greater than about 10,000. V

'6. A lubricating oil comprising an isoparaflinic hydrocarbon fraction" obtained, by reacting an olefin with an'isoparaflin, said traction having a Saybolt, Universal'viscosity at 100 F. betweenabout 32 '75 seconds,'and possessing substantiallyno lubricating qualities, blended with an amount or a high molecular weight naphthenic acid s'ufllcient to impart lubricity to said bottoms;

' 7. A lubricating oil comprising: ablendioi a 1 major proportion ofan isopamflinicfhydrocarbon obtained by reacting an olefin with an isoparaflin in the presence'oi alkylation catalyst and vhaving a Saybolt Universal viscosity at. 100 F.

of from 32 to 75 seconds and a boiling range'oi approximately 450 F. to, 600F. within the order of from 0.01% to 01% by naphthenic acids. k

8. A lubricatingoil comprising a blend of a major proportion of distillation bottoms obtained by reacting an olefin with an isoparailln in'the presence-oi an alkylation catalyst and distilling the reaction product to produce said distillation bottoms, said distillation bottoms having aS'aybolt Universal viscosity at100 l". of approximately 32 to 75 seconds, a viscosity indexot less than zero and having substantially no lubricating qualities,fwithin theorder of from 0.01% to 0.1% by weight 01' naphthenic acids having an acid number in the order or from 140 to 150 and with from approximately 2 to 5% by weight or a butylene polymer having a molecular weight in.- the order of from 10,000' to 100,000, said hibricatingoil having a substantially higher viscosity andviscosity index than said distillation" bottoms.

9. A lubricating. oil comprising a blend of; a

major proportion of an. isoparaflinic hydrocarbon-fraction obtained as a distillation bottoms from the product obtained by reacting an olenn with an isoparaflln, said 'isoparaflinic hydrocarbon fraction having a Saybolt Universal viscosity 7 at 100. F, of approximately 38 seconds, a vistcosity index of less than zero and a boiling range of from 450 to 600 F. and having substantially no lubricating qualities, with approximately 0.05% by weight oi naphthenic acidshaving' an acid number in the order 01 from 140,130 150 and with approximately 1.60% by weight or a butyl ene polymer having a molecular weight in'the order of from 10,000 to 100,000, said lubricating oil a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 weight of high boiling vex-cal viscosity at 100' F. between about 32 and- 'iliaecondgandpolseuinzsubatantiallynolubricity blended with an amount oi oil soluble organic acid selected from the class of oil aolubie oraanic acids consistin: of naphthenic acids, fatty acids and acid: produced by oxidizing hy- 5 drocarbon fractions, aufliclent to impart lubricity to said isoparamnic hydrocarbon traction.

MARCELLUS '1. FLAXMAN. 

